YouTube combines creator-generated content, recommendation systems, search, monetisation and large-scale streaming infrastructure to transform a continuously growing catalogue into personalised audiovisual experiences for different audiences, formats and devices.
Netflix combines cloud computing, Open Connect, adaptive video delivery, recommendation systems, advertising and live streaming to create a global platform in which business logic, content distribution and personalisation continuously interact.
Spotify combines large-scale audio streaming, freemium monetisation, distributed cloud and CDN infrastructure, personalisation and data intelligence to make a highly complex technical system feel almost immediate to the listener.
Streaming Platforms combine media preparation and delivery with access control, advertising, DRM, telemetry and data-driven intelligence to create scalable, personalised and continuously optimised streaming services.
WebRTC combines signalling, network-path discovery, secure real-time media transport and SCTP-based Data Channels to support bidirectional, low-latency audio, video and data communication.
Adaptive Streaming uses HTTP, segments, manifests and client-side quality selection to balance scalability, playback continuity, image quality and latency across changing network conditions.
RTMP, SRT and RIST provide different approaches to live streaming contribution and ingest, balancing compatibility, reliability, latency, security and resilience to unstable network conditions.
SIP establishes and manages communication, SDP describes its technical parameters, and RTSP controls multimedia streams provided by a server, while RTP transports the actual media.
RTP and RTCP transports and organises real-time multimedia data, while RTCP monitors transmission quality and provides timing information that helps applications manage and synchronise audiovisual streams.
Streaming Protocols perform different but often complementary functions, from real-time transport and session management to ingest, adaptive delivery and interactive communication.