Internet

This chapter analyzes the Internet as a complex technical system comprising networks, devices, protocols, and infrastructure that enable digital communication on a global scale.

After introducing the fundamental concepts of networks, hosts, and packets, the text explores key service organization models—such as client-server, peer-to-peer, distributed systems, and cloud computing—demonstrating how data is exchanged, routed, and managed within the network.
The chapter then examines network hardware, various connection types, and the protocol stack, covering everything from DNS and the application layer down to transport, IP addressing, and the link and physical layers.

Finally, it presents the key parameters determining quality of service—such as bandwidth, latency, jitter, and ping—which are essential for understanding the Internet’s operation and actual performance.

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